Think back to the last time you had a dental exam, where the hygienist or dentist repeatedly called out a series of numbers, such as “4, 3, 3…3, 2, 3….3, 2, 4…” while you listened. The numbers were either jotted down by an assistant or clicked into a computer.
What is Periodontal Probing?
These measurements are the depth of the sulcus or periodontal pocket at six specific points on each tooth. The bottom of the “pocket” is where the gingiva attaches at the root of your tooth. A small probe with millimeter increments marked onto it is slid just under the gums until it rests at the bottom of the pocket. Then the corresponding measurement at the edge of the gums is recorded, so that your dentist knows how deep each pocket is. We call this process a periodontal exam or probing.
Does it Matter How Deep Gum Pockets Are?
A healthy gum sulcus is anywhere up to 3mm deep. We consider this “within normal limits.” But when plaque bacteria, inflammation, and disease start setting in, the tissues at the bottom of the pocket begins to detach from the tooth. At this point a periodontal pocket is created, which leads to a host of other symptoms, including: loss of bone support, redness and swelling, halitosis, tooth mobility, gum recession and ultimately tooth loss.
Depending on the depth of your periodontal pocket, the treatment protocol will be different. Moderate attachment loss (pockets 5-6mm deep) may require a periodontal scaling and root planing (“deep cleaning”) to remove infectious bacteria. Severe pocketing typically calls for more interceptive treatments, such as bone and gum grafting or referral to a specialist.
Cleaning Periodontal Pockets
The only way to clean inside of a periodontal pocket is with regular flossing and/or the use of a water flosser. Unfortunately, floss does not get more than 2-3mm below the gum tissues. If you have moderate to severe pocketing, it will be physically impossible to keep the root surfaces of your teeth clean with traditional floss. Some researchers do claim that water flossers can clean up to 7mm below the gums. This gives you the choice of cleaning depending on the severity of your pockets.
Health Implications of Deep Dental Pockets
While tooth loss is typically the biggest concern associated with periodontal pockets, the infection poses a significant risk to your overall health. Active gum disease drastically increases the risk and severity of systemic health conditions like heart attack, stroke, high blood pressure, diabetes, infertility, erectile dysfunction, preeclampsia, pneumonia, respiratory illness and possible Alzheimer’s disease.
Seeing a dentist isn’t just important for your smile, it’s vital to your health. The next time you’re due for a checkup ask your hygienist what your pocket measurements are. If you feel you may need further care or the hygienist refers you to a periodontist contact us for further diagnosis and treatment.